Adverse Childhood Experiences
Study about adverse childhood experiences (ACE) includes investigation about abuses, neglect, and exposure to various stressors. I was surprised by the quantity of participants that showed the presence of ACE. Almost two third of them were exposed to at least one adverse childhood experience. Nearly one-fifth of them revealed three and more ACE. Thus, the results of these investigations showed a great amount of health and social problems and issues. Researchers of ACE used special score in order to estimate the total amount of childhood stresses. No wonder that the following health problems increased with the number of childhood experiences. Consequences of childhood stresses were different and they included almost all possible fatal outcomes. They varied from depression and alcoholism to the coronary heart diseases and fetal death. Additionally, it was a surprise to see abuse costs in the US every year. In 2008, that amount was nearly $124 billion (Injury Prevention & Control: Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Study, 2014).
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The study devised the pyramid model of factors and their consequences. It presents a conceptual framework. It was especially relevant because 1980s and 1990s provided little information about risk factors and diseases that were investigated in public education and prevention programs. However, the topic of childhood impact was of great importance because alcohol abuse, smoking, and many diseases were not randomly distributed among population.
The goal of ACE study is to assess the probability of occurrence of risk factors. Special pyramid was designed in order to depict the links of adverse childhood experiences and social consequences.
This study could help in the development of programs that would be able to cure physical and mental health problems of people. These particular programs are preventive. Thus, they pose relevance not only for adults, but also for children. Initial studies about ACE were started in 1995 at Kaiser Permanente, when about 17,000 participants were investigated. At first, participants had to answer the questions regarding their childhood, previous abuses, or family dysfunction. Their current status of physical and mental health has been investigated to understand the bond between ACE and human behavior. Thus, the source data were gathered to devise programs for children treatment. However, these programs can help all people since they investigate childhood problems, various causes of death, and health issues of the entire population. Altogether the status of such programs increased internationally because ACE studies are conducted in China, Norway, Canada, and the UK. A certain country is characterized by the most common diseases, such as the effects of ACE. For instance, programs of Puerto Rico investigate links between ACEs and women’s cardiovascular health risks.
Thus, implications of child abuses are relevant since ACE deteriorate human health in adulthood because of neglect, violent interference in sexual life, and physical abuse. Since ACE deal more with mental problems of people, the physical ones are cured indirectly. These problems are treated like any other public health problem. Treatment and investigation of this issue is also relevant because of the amount of children suffering from abuse. Nearly 14 % of them experiences physical pain from other people every year. The costs of such treatment affect the budget of the country (Injury Prevention & Control: Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Study, 2014).
The costs of child abuse are significant for any country. However, programs for treatment of children are related to improper development of brain, cognitive learning ability, reduced development of linguistic skills, blindness, anxiety, heart diseases, high pressure, smoking, and alcoholism.
Physical health can also be affected by childhood treatment programs. It is especially important because every year nearly 1,600 children die from abuse. This age is considered as vulnerable because infant abuse can cause long-term effects on the functioning of brain. Important regions of human brain are affected by such stresses. Cognitive, socioemotional, and linguistic abilities get deteriorated unless they obtain the necessary treatment.
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The study might have an impact on the programs designed to help children because it has revealed the consequences of childhood disorders and abuses. Thus, it was revealed that certain areas of the brain show ‘hyperarousal’ response to insomnia and hyperactivity. Children also may suffer from such effects of abuse as blindness, cerebral palsy, cognitive disorders, etc.
Additionally, the study can help abused children with chronic diseases like cancer, heart disorders, obesity, blood pressure, high cholesterol, high level of C-reactive protein, etc. All these features must be recognized by ACE treatment programs (Meinschmidt, 2005).
To conclude, it can be said that long-term studies of ACE established that 80% of abused adults of age 21 have encountered at least one disorder from their childhood. Consequently, it is important to investigate specificities of child abuses and hurts. Psychological and mental problems can be dealt with because the study provided a great range of developmental peculiarities that could affect children. Eventually, the study depicted how vulnerable children are to post-traumatic, conduct, and learning disorders.